What are distributed parameters of a transmission line, and what are concentrated parameters? in power system?
Many electric systems are physically distributed in space.
A transmission line, for example, may extend for hundreds of miles.
When a source of energy is connected to the transmission line, energy is transported a nearly the velocity of light. Because of this finite velocity, all electrical effects do not take place at the same instant of time.
Thus if a signal is very fast (very high frequency) or the line is very long (as in power system lines) the signal is affected for the characteristics of the line. The characteristics (resistance, inductance, capacitance) of the line which depends on how long the line is, are called distributed parameters.
Some devices in the power systems have fixed parameters e.g. a transformer, these parameters do not change with the long of the line, we call them concentrated or "lumped" parameters.
Note that distributed parameters only make sense when the line is too long in relation to the frequency of the signal. In very high frequency circuits a very short line e.g. a few millimeters, it has to be analyzed by means of distributed parameters.